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Electronic Surveying Instrumentation:Principles & Practice - GMAT2100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description Precise digital levelling (bar code) instruments and techniques; design, accuracy, errors. Precise levelling techniques, design and location of bench marks. systematic and random errors, motorised levelling. Electronic theodolites, construction, circle reading, level sensors, centring systems, constrained centring, electronic data recording. Sources, testing and elimination of errors in electronic theodolites, eccentricities of alidade and horizontal circle. Vertical circle and level sensor errors; circle graduation errors. Centring and levelling of theodolites. Precise horizontal angle measurement, definition of an arc of directions, observation procedures, elimination of errors, National and State specifications; precise zenith angle measurement. Trigonometric heighting, effects of earth curvature and refraction, observation procedures, precision of computed heights; EDM-height traversing.
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