Concepts and definitions of spatial systems, coordinate systems, mapping and spatial issues with maps, data structures including vector, raster and surface modelling. An overview of the components of the technology, database management in the context of spatial data, database design, data acquisition techniques including overviews of digitizing, scanning, field survey and remote sensing, the data conversion process, data management, display of geo-spatial data, cartography, colour and 3D views. Analysis of geospatial problems including components of data acquisition and database development, spatial analysis and display, and customising and performing advanced analysis using macro languages and integrating with other software, using the World Wide Web to disseminate information. Management and institutional issues including how the technology and data is used by various organisations and government departments, geo-spatial data issues for government and industry, standards, Metadata, legal issues associated with these systems, intellectual property, copyright, liability, project management and implementation of these systems.