Following Napoleon s blaze of European and colonial conquests and his downfall, a waning of revolutionary fervour marked early 19th century reaction in Europe, in which church, monarchy and such authoritarian institutions as The Academy for Arts became reactivated, but subsequently contested. The schism between Neoclassism and Romanticism, concepts of art-for-art s-sake, oppositions to academic art, the rise of Orientalism , the emergence of photography and formations of an avant-garde are issues which will be examined in this context, through such artists as Ingres, Canova, Goya, Turner, Daumier and Delacroix.